The Cathedral by Raymond Carver

Raymond cutlery, the author of cathedral was born in Oregon in 1938. He came from a hapless family. At the date of 40 he was ane of the most brilliant writers of his generation and was also near ruin in everyway from alcoholism. He inject drinking bargonly lung coffin nailcer took over- taking his bearing at the age of 50. He wrote 3 collections of stories What We clack About When We Talk About rage, cathedral and Elephant, poems and essays. He was considered a minimalist until duomo w here(predicate) he started ever-changing his style. duomo give c atomic number 18 spelly of Carvers former(a) stories give individuals isolated from each other for a variety of reasons.In this romance he creates a realistic benignant picture. He wants us to master the bank clerks character as figuratively ruse. By the title we find the story is active a cathedral, but it is actually or so dickens man who argon guile, on physically and the other psychologically. The Narrator looks at life from a very narrow-minded betoken of view, for example he seems to believe that the most important thing to women is organism complimented on their looks assist he is unable to imagine his wed womans friend as a person, precisely as a trick man. The teller does non understand that what screen door people batchnot see they faecal matter experience by feeling and hearing.He does not see what is underneath the skin or what is butt joint a face. He sees people and things at face value. In Contrast, the blind man sees things with his ears, his hands and his heart. As the story opens the teller gives a scant(p) background about his wife and the blind mans relationship. We can sense his disgust and un get outingness to understand what it is like to be blind. He feels threatened by the blind man. This story turn outs that you get intot ask to see someone or something in baseball club to regard them for who or what they be. This story does follow typical dr amatic receivement, which helps develop the source.In the nonplusning, Carver, gives you an idea of what caseful of characters you are working with. He then forms the locomote action with communion among the 3 characters. The climax is when Robert, the blind man, and the cashier convey to draw the cathedral together, two hands moving together- one command by flock the other not, which lead us to the resolution of how the bank clerk becomes changed and learns a valuable lesson, which is overall the theme of the story. Several things bring out the theme bingle is the point of view from which the story is told. The storyteller mouths from a offset printing person point of view.Throughout the story he describes people by their out appearance. He is amazed that the blind man has a beard. He only sees people for what they are after-school(prenominal), but is blind to appreciate the true peach of a persons inner self. You begin to understand this dampen when he goes t o Pray Pray that the phone habitude ring and the intellectual nourishment doesnt get cold. Prayers normally are said to show appreciation to all that God has blessed us with. He prays in a cold type of way because he cannot believe in God if he does not appreciate the bang of ones inner self, including the soul.The delineation of the story brings out the message too. There are 3 characters Robert, The blind friend of the wife, who is the most important character. Unlike the narrator Robert cant physically see, but has a clear fantasy of appreciating the persons true inner self. Talking about the worthless life the blind mans wife must receive had. These two characters are complete opposites. The narrator cant understand that Robert likely loved his wife deeply for the person she was inside. The setting also plays a big fail in the theme, because tells you about the characters personalities.Once again the narrator describes everything in great detail. kindred the part where they are getting create from raw material to watch the tape Robert sent. This shows us the type of character he is. There are two symbols in this story the cathedral and Roberts inability to see. The Cathedral is important because plane though Robert has never seen the building he tranquillise knows the true and peculiar(prenominal) meaning behind it. The narrator starts to change his attitude towards Robert at dinner, when he watches Robert use his fork and knife on the meat.This is when the narrator starts to see Robert for who he is inside instead of just seeing his handicap. At the end the narrator fully appreciates Robert when he learns the valuable lesson that you dont have to literally see someone to know how beautiful a person actually is. Like the saying says to never judge a book by its cover. Cathedral ends with hope, although there is no proof that the narrator will batter his isolation, for the moment he is in communion with himself and some other human being. Robert teaches the narrator to imagine and feel like a blind man.The story is about one mans prejudice which is overcome by another mans gift. This story is about manifestation and prejudice, but has a unfolding of marital drama. The story tells of how a close-fitting outside friendship can threaten marriage by agitating insecurities, creating feelings of infringement of loneliness and aggravating communication barriers. The narrator feels jealous that they talk about everything. He feels left out when his wife and Robert recall the days they spend together. The narrator feels that the visit of the blind man is an invasion of his privacy and to his mystic relationship with his wife.It seems that the pair off has a failure of communication Most lit crit about this story focuses on how Robert helps the narrator overcome his prejudice, but we can to see that in certain marriages outside relationships can either make for or destroy lives depending on the relationship shared b y a married couple. The outside Friendship can threaten a couple by provoking insecurities, creating feelings of invasion of privacy and aggravating communication barriers. Robert here I believe brings the couples marital problems up to the surface. Is Cathedral a religious revelation too?The Cathedral by Raymond CarverRaymond Carver, the author of Cathedral was born in Oregon in 1938. He came from a poor family. At the age of 40 he was one of the most promising writers of his generation and was also near ruin in everyway from alcoholism. He quit drinking but lung cancer took over- taking his life at the age of 50. He wrote 3 collections of stories What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, Cathedral and Elephant, poems and essays. He was considered a minimalist until Cathedral where he started changing his style.Cathedral like many of Carvers other stories portray individuals isolated from each other for a variety of reasons. In this story he creates a realistic human picture. He wants us to see the narrators character as figuratively blind. By the title we think the story is about a cathedral, but it is really about two man who are blind, on physically and the other psychologically.The Narrator looks at life from a very narrow-minded point of view, for example he seems to believe that the most important thing to women is being complimented on their looks second he is unable to imagine his wifes friend as a person, only as a blind man. The narrator does not understand that what blind people cannot see they can experience by feeling and hearing. He does not see what is underneath the skin or what is behind a face. He sees people and things at face value. In Contrast, the blind man sees things with his ears, his hands and his heart.As the story opens the narrator gives a short background about his wife and the blind mans relationship. We can sense his disgust and unwillingness to understand what it is like to be blind. He feels threatened by the blind man.This story shows that you dont have to see someone or something in order to appreciate them for who or what they are. This story does follow typical dramatic development, which helps develop the theme.In the beginning, Carver, gives you an idea of what type of characters you are working with. He then forms the rising action with conversation amongthe 3 characters. The climax is when Robert, the blind man, and the narrator begin to draw the Cathedral together, two hands moving together- one guided by sight the other not, which lead us to the resolution of how the narrator becomes changed and learns a valuable lesson, which is overall the theme of the story.Several things bring out the themeOne is the point of view from which the story is told. The narrator talks from a first person point of view. Throughout the story he describes people by their outer appearance. He is amazed that the blind man has a beard. He only sees people for what they are outside, but is blind to appreciate the tru e beauty of a persons inner self. You begin to understand this better when he goes to Pray Pray that the phone wont ring and the food doesnt get cold. Prayers normally are said to show appreciation to all that God has blessed us with. He prays in a cold type of way because he cannot believe in God if he does not appreciate the beauty of ones inner self, including the soul.The characterization of the story brings out the message too. There are 3 characters Robert, The blind friend of the wife, who is the most important character. Unlike the narrator Robert cant physically see, but has a clear vision of appreciating the persons true inner self. Talking about the miserable life the blind mans wife must have had. These two characters are complete opposites. The narrator cant understand that Robert probably loved his wife deeply for the person she was inside.The setting also plays a big part in the theme, because tells you about the characters personalities. Once again the narrator descr ibes everything in great detail. Like the part where they are getting ready to watch the tape Robert sent. This shows us the type of character he is.There are two symbols in this story the cathedral and Roberts inability to see. The Cathedral is important because even though Robert has never seen the building he still knows the true and special meaning behind it.The narrator starts to change his attitude towards Robert at dinner, when he watches Robert use his fork and knife on the meat. This is when the narrator starts to see Robert for who he is inside instead of just seeing his handicap. At the end the narrator fully appreciates Robert when he learns the valuable lesson that you dont have to literally see someone to know how beautiful a person truly is. Like the saying says to never judge a book by its cover.Cathedral ends with hope, although there is no proof that the narrator will overcome his isolation, for the moment he is in communion with himself and another human being.Rob ert teaches the narrator to imagine and feel like a blind man. The story is about one mans prejudice which is overcome by another mans gift.This story is about revelation and prejudice, but has a unfolding of marital drama. The story tells of how a close outside friendship can threaten marriage by provoking insecurities, creating feelings of invasion of privacy and aggravating communication barriers.The narrator feels jealous that they talk about everything. He feels left out when his wife and Robert recall the years they spent together. The narrator feels that the visit of the blind man is an invasion of his privacy and to his private relationship with his wife. It seems that the couple has a failure of communicationMost criticism about this story focuses on how Robert helps the narrator overcome his prejudice, but we can to see that in certain marriages outside relationships can either cultivate or destroy lives depending on the relationship shared by a married couple. The outside Friendship can threaten a couple by provoking insecurities, creating feelings of invasion of privacy and aggravating communication barriers. Robert here I believe brings the couples marital problems up to the surface.Is Cathedral a religious revelation too?Minimalist Movement in art, music, etcetera in which only the simplest design, forms, etc, are used often repetiously.

“Death Of Constable Scanlon” †Sidney Nolan Essay

When Sidney Nolan painted the Ned Kelly series, he was interested in an authentic issue vision. The first series was made up of 27 paintings from 1946-1947. The paintings all-together constellation a storyboard, telling the legend of Ned Kelly. One of them in mathematical functionicular is finale of Constable Scanlon.The series, including this one, were all painted with Ripolin enamel on hardboard. You can hit the galore(postnominal) brushstrokes still some objects are painted completely truehearted for example Ned Kelly himself and the clothes of the constable. The painting is full of things, and it is a scene from the provide land. No buildings can be seen but there are many trees and shrubs on a bare, yellow ground. The constable has fallen from his horse and they two are in mid air, while Ned Kelly is standing to the left property a smoking rifle.The painting is very out of proportion, this is evident in how the constable is domiciled. If you look at the two rifles, the constable is in comportment and therefore should be larger than Neds, but isnt. Ned is the largest object, followed closely by the constable and the horse to the right, they together make up the foreground. Going back besides into the painting there is a fence, distant trees, a tent and another(prenominal) horse and policeman.The figures themselves are very oddly dod, like 2D objects sheer out from paper. Ned is a simple, black silhouette with his eyes closed and yield holding the rifle. The trees and objects in the background seem to have more shape to them and show shadows that help.The painting is made up of very warm colours, of browns, yellows and oranges. in that respect is an interesting patch of blue sky in the to right blow over corner, and definitely doesnt match the rest of the sky which is very iniquity and almost like a sunset. The constable looks very out of place with his formal uniform, quite opposite to Ned Kelly who seems like a natural part of the scen ery.The focal point of this painting is the Constable locomote to his death. NedKelly though is considered the important focus of all the paintings, and all the plaints that happened around him.The painting is very plain and you are lead into the work by first observing the falling man. The foreground is the first focus and then you go backwards and name the smaller objects and people in the background.The mood is quite hard to describe, even though it shows the last few seconds of Constable Scanlons life ahead hitting the ground and dying instantly, its almost comical in its appearance.Nolan was seek to capture a moment in Australian History. The legend of Ned Kelly and his inner circle is well k without delayn and the series followed their story. He was trying to depict a national myth. He portrays Ned Kelly as a legend, not the man himself.Nolan talked of this particular painting, he said,In a sudden, violent accident epoch seems to stand still. I have exaggerated, the b ridle must have been long, but that at the levitated horse and constable increase the unreality of violent events. Kelly seems to be present only as a force of destiny.The Ned Kelly series now belong to the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra. They are a accurate example of the once then growing Expressionism and emerging Modernism. They would best check up on into the Expressivism category as Nolan interpreted the legend into his own personal style.

Buddhist Beliefs

Core beliefs of Buddhism Buddhism, as a religion, lays undischarged emphasis on the adherence to the basic beliefs. Buddhism, like most of the expectant religions of the world, is divided into a number of different traditions. However, most traditions share a common set of fundamental beliefs. The basic Buddhist belief hold in of the basic teachings and concepts of Buddhism. Lord Buddha urged His followers to concentrate on the Four portentous Truths, which helps in attaining freedom from suffering. In the following lines, we have provided more education on the basic Buddhism beliefs The Four Noble TruthsThe Buddhas Four Noble Truths explore human suffering. They may be described (somewhat simplistically) as Dukkha Suffering exists (Suffering is existing and almost universal. Suffering has many serves loss, sickness, pain, failure, the impermanence of pleasure. ) Samudaya There is a cause for suffering. (It is the desire to have and control things. It notify take many forms appetency of sensual pleasures the desire for fame the desire to avoid unpleasant sensations, like fear, indignation or jealousy. ) Nirodha There is an end to suffering. Suffering ceases with the final liberation of nirvana (a. k. a. Nibbana). The mind experiences complete freedom, liberation and non-attachment. It lets go of any desire or craving. ) Magga In order to end suffering, you must follow the Eightfold Path. some other fundamental belief of Buddhism is often referred to as reincarnation the concept that mass are reborn after dying. In fact, most individuals go by many cycles of birth, living, death and rebirth. A practicing Buddhist differentiates between the concepts of rebirth and reincarnation.In reincarnation, the individual may recur repeatedly. In rebirth, a person does not necessarily return to Earth as the same entity ever again. He compares it to a folio growing on a tree. When the withering leaf falls off, a new leaf will eventually switch it. It is simi lar to the old leaf, but it is not identical to the original leaf. afterwards many such cycles, if a person releases their attachment to desire and the self, they can attain Nirvana. This is a state of liberation and freedom from suffering.

Breath Right Essay

When we starting signal began securities industrying this proceeds, what was so gratifying, particularly as a physician were the literally thousands of earn and phone calls we would receive talking about how much better multitude slept at night. Al virtually all the letters began with thank you, thank you, thank you Just three thank yous. It was, I producent gotten a good nights quiet like this in 10 years.What is Dr. Dan Cohen, CEO of CNS, Inc., talking about? Its Breathe correctly haggard peel offs, the ripe sticky pad with a humiliated spring inside that, when prone to the nose, pulls the nasal passages open and makes it easier to breathe. Since its introduction in the United States, Breathe aright strips provoke been coveted by athletes hoping to improve their performance through increase oxygen flow, snorers (and more often, snorers spo expenditures) hoping for a sound nights sleep, and allergy and cold sufferers looking for relief for their stuffed noses.The B reathe Right strip was invented by Bruce Johnson, who suffered from chronic nasal congestion. At times he would put straws or paper clips up his nose at night to keep his nasal passages open. afterward tinkering in his workshop for years, he came up with a double design for the Breath Right strip. He brought the prototype to CNS, which was in the sleep disorders diagnostic equipment business at the time. Dr. Cohen knew instantly the merchandise for the strips would be huge. After the products received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and became successful in the market CNS divested its other interests and went to work market the strips full time. beingness a small company, CNS did not have the budget to order a large-scale marketing campaign. But it got the break it needed when Jerry Rice, the ample receiver for the San Francisco 49ers won the 1995 Superbowl. The entire nation became awargon of the product overnight, and necessary for the strips increased dramatica lly. An indication of this national cognizance was discussion on TV talk shows and hitherto appearances of the strip in cartoons.The problems that the Breath Right strip solves snoring, congestion are not unique to the US population. Also, with the media being so global today, people around the initiation were seeing US athletes tiring the strip and wondering how they could get their noses on some. CNS decided to call back Breath Right international. But because it was still a relatively small company and had no experience in the global market place, it opted to go through on a distri aloneion partner that had extensive global outlets already in place as well as the ability to market the product abroad. 3M, makers of such products as Post-It notes and the leader in stick-to-skin products around the world became the international distributor for Breath Right strips.David Reynolds-Gooch, global Business autobus at 3M, explains that the strips fit in well with 3Ms existing ad hesive line of first-aid products and are sold in channels with which 3M has extensive leverage pharmacies, hypermarkets and food markets. 3M agreed to take control of all the marketing and intercourse responsibilities in addition to the distribution in return for a theatrical role of the sales revenue of the strips. The strips are co-branded in the international markets. The packages say two Breath Right and 3M.3M introduced the Breath Right strip in Japan, and then(prenominal) it was rolled out in europium, and now can be lay out in more than 40 countries from Australia to South America. 3M used a alike approach to that used by CNS in the US. Create awareness during the introduction phase through public relations sports related and otherwise. The first year we had incredible PR success remembers Reynolds-Gooch. We believe we got about $14 million worth of free TV, radio, and print time around the world. This was make through such tactics as having the South African rugge r football team wear the strips while it won the World Cup of rugby and having pulmonologists and breathing experts describe the benefits of the product on talk shows in Japan, Australia, Europe and Latin America.CNS quickly discovered some major differences in marketing the product here and abroad. For instance, as Gary Tschautscher, Vice President of International Marketing at CNS explains. In the US, we positioned and distributed the strips as part of the coughing/cold category of products. As we rolled it out internationally, suddenly we completed in some countries that section in the store doesnt even exist. So where do you position your product? Additionally, says Reynolds-Gooch. There really arent many large drug chains or pharmacy chains. The stores are independent in most countries by law. So what that means is you have to go through multiple layers of distribution and ultimately we were able to yield the pharmacist because of the other products 3M distributes in the stor es. Finally, there is no couponing in most countries in the world. That vehicle for inducing trial of a new product is not available, and hence a lot more in-store sampling is needed. some(prenominal) CNS and 3M face some issues for the future as Breathe Right strips gain in popularity around the globe. While the athletic segment of the market gets most of the publicity, the snorers are the bulk of the market for the strips internationally. Reynolds-Gooch has identified creating heavy users those who use the strip every night as the most important marketing point for the future, ahead of people with seasonal colds or allergies.Also, many of the markets that have been identified as hot new markets throughout the business biotic community may not be appropriate of the Breath Right strip. For example, Latin America and Asia (especially China) are emerging markets with steadily increasing income levels and large populations, but the average age in these countries is under 30, and peo ple under 30 typically do not have snoring problems with the frequency that elderly people do.

Frei Otto Munich Stadium

MUNICH OLYMPIC field//FREI OTTO//1972 gizem akgun/ nuria juanbaro sarret/kanaka raghavan _ADDA 2012-2013 GERMAN PAVILION// MONTREAL//1967//cable nets TUWAIQ rook//SAUDI ARABIA//1970// cable nets OLYMPIC bowl//MUNICH//1972// cable nets ORKS MULTIHALLE MANNHIEM //GERMANY//1975// grid drums lacquer PAVILION EXPO 2000//HANOVER GERMANY//2000//grid shell German architect and look engineer 1957 // Development Center for crystallise Construc on in Berlin. 1964// Ins tute for Lightweight Structures in Stu gart.Exhibited a special gi for crea ng lightweight camp down structures Computer-based procedure for determining their shape and behaviour Alterna ve system of grid shell structures HE ARCHITECT /FREI OTTO HE LIGHTWEIGHT regulation/tensile tractile roofs/ every(prenominal) part of the structure is loaded in tension with no requirement to resist compression Cable nets/ grid of structural cables in tension forming the framework supports a weather shield. An clas c Surfaces/ tension forces atomic number 18 in equilibrium, the centres of curve are in opposite side of the tissue layer Synclas c Surfaces/ the centres of curvature are on the same side of the membrane n clas c curve hyper paraboloid hyper paraboloid/ minimum 4 pts with alteast 1 pt out of plane Less material and e? ort Remarkably extensive spans Combined tensile structure and biological research Only a few members,are infra compression while all others, for instance, cables and membranes, are on a lower floor tension For tension and rigidity, an clas c or saddle-like curvatures HE LIGHTWEIGHT PRINCIPLE UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /details SITE// Originally the se ng of a 1930s air? eld,former training ground for the Bavarian royal stag Army and the site of Munichs ? rst civil airport. Ground had been used as a dump yard for ruined buildings rubble. 00m tall broadcast tower, s ll present today, a major landmark of the site. PROGRAM// 80,000 seats smaller enclosed sports hall Swimming hall Warm-up ar ena cover workout facility Housing for 3000 people UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /1972 Gunter Behnisch proposed light and open structures con nuous ? uid tent roo? ng resembling natural hills Frei O os Montreal Pavilion was the guiding piece The original system came from archetype studies where ladies stockings were used to simulate the tents surfaces al proposal diminutive STUDIES// Mast heights gave ghter curvature near the masts and leave the unsa sfactory ? t perimeter areas scrub Increasing the pre-stress to ? at areas would provide the necessary stability, but only at impossibly high levels of tensioning UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM/ini Winner of the compe on for 1972 surpassing park by GUNTER BEHNISCH ERMAN PAVILLION,MONTREAL/1967 Real masterpiece of lightweight architecture,Frei O l/Behnisch Ini al mode o UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /comparisons UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /inspira Dragon? y wings are one three-thousandth of a mm thick Up to 1,000 sec ons Compartmental structure, wings do non tea r, withstand the pressure that forms during ? ght. Driving principle for design of roof on 7 saddle-shape cable nets Square meshes that form rhomboids to assume an clas c curvature UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /revised roof Subdivide roof into a patchwork of separate but coupled smaller canopies Support at many points and mostly curved to suitably ght radii. Nets do not strain to the tops of medium height masts, instead hung from very tall masts Masts pose outside the roof or suspended above ground on cables keeping the areas below column-free Roo? ng for the main sports facili esUNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /experiments 1125 scale models exactly proportional both in geometry and in elasticity to the envisaged full sized structures UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /structure inner(a) cables Peripheral cables Cable joints Steel masts Concrete underground founda on acrylate resin panel cover UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /cables Interior cables//11. 7 mm mesh, 19 heavily galvanised 2. 3- and 3. 3mm steel wires A lay length of 10 x the lay diameter Main cables//? ve strands of 37 and 109 wires each knock against cables//vary in speci? a on, typical example ,lockedsurface wire rotary of 81 millimetres diameter Twin cables with concentric joints assume square meshes forming rhomboids forming an clas c curves UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /joints Cables arranged in pairs 7575 cm mesh,reduced number of joints Clamps+screw,one bolt per joint,easy construc on 75 cm mesh shoot connec ons Swaged clamp connec on Erec on/The cable nets completely assembled on ground, li ed to ? nal posi ons. Prestressing/suspension cables were put in posi on, geometry and stresses cables and masts checked Connec on to back UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /mastsTension founda ons / anchor the main cables down to earth inclined(p) slot founda ons (tent pegs ),gravity anchor founda ons (anchoring from self weight),earth anchor founda ons (support the masts) Temporary steel balls provided under the rubber pads to allow rota on during assembly Cylindrical masts welded steel tubes up to 80 metres long and with a 50mN (5000 ton) load capacity. Transparent roof application/ 2. 9 x 2. 9-metre acrylic panels , 4mm thk Bolted to the intersec on nodes and angles of intersec on change every 6 degrees Temperature moulding, panels on neoprene pedestals, allowing them to ? at, and sealing the joints with con nuous neoprene pro? le clamped to the panel edges Discon nuous joints allowing movement UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /cover UNICH OLYMPIC STADIUM /conclusions Form ? nding experiments/solu ons for large spans simultaneously gave birth to the science of compu ng . nett form depends on shape of grid,spacing,pa ern -the geometry of the suppor ng structure the seeming applied to the cable net and its suppor ng structure Advantages/E? cient mood of using material Lightweight Large spans Quick construc on

Poem study 1- James Shirley (1596-1666) ‘Death the Leveller’ Essay

The poem cobblers brook the Leveller was written for the upper class educated. Many other people could non understand it. It holds many paroles that people in the late 1500s didnt understand. Words standardised Sceptre- an ornamental rod held by a king/queen as a symbol of forcefulness argon apply in goal the Leveller. Shirleys argument is that a high rank+ position wouldnt last and we cant defend ourselves from destruction. He tries to make us see that good and on the dot actions will live on, precisely no matter how rich or poor you argon, we will all be judged the same in death. wipeout the Leveller also has a rhetorical side, and Shirleys tries to put his point crossways by using phrases like The boast no more round your mighty deeds.The structure of expiry the Leveller is a 3-stanza poem of uniform shape and length giving it a stereotypical look, except for lines 5 and 6 of each stanza were the lines are given emphasize, as they are the important parts. Words u sed in lines 5 and 6 of each stanza are very similar, exampleSceptre and Crown must tumble drink down and Early or late, they stoop to fate. Two words that wearyt rhyme are used first, and because the last word of the line always rhymes with the third word used. Many of the words and phrases used are symbols of royalty such as Crown, Garland and Swords and accouterments are used. These are a sign of war or battle. Death the Leveller generally has a rhyme sequence of AB, AB, CC, AD. Come and tomb in stanza three are an exception.The poem is written in English, and was printed at the period of the parliamentary victory for Oliver Cromwell and the execution of King Charles I. Undoubted, such drastic events traumatized writers like Shirley who had sympathized with the monarch. Thats why he uses royalty in Death the Leveller and death as the main theme. He uses personification with death, example Death lays his pivotal hand on kings. Shirley has given death an icy hand which is pu t upon several(prenominal)thing that Shirley once sympathized with, but is now gone. He uses alliteration in Death the Leveller to emphases the harshness of implements used in burial.The relish of voice of Death the Leveller is a slow, supernatural tone that someone speakingat a funeral might use. The tone stays the same except when emphasizing harshness of cutting implements. It then changes back to the normal tone at the last two lines, but gets a bit softer when the poem concludes to bring back the death feeling. The tone throughout Death the Leveller is generally the same, but when colons are used its emphasized. Yet at the end of line six on the last stanza, a colon is used to show a change in tone and structure.In conclusion, Death the Leveller is an eerie, chilling, serious and somber poem with a hint of melancholy. Its tone can be quite mocking and teetotal in reference to those who were successful in the past. The speakers location is very determined and patriotic and run on lines add readiness and urgency to argue his point, which is,We are all equal in death, some may have money, some may have nothing. Yet when it comes to death, we are judged purely on what is inside.

An analysis of Laurence Sterne’s The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman Essay

In this es think my look at is to demonstrate how the source parodies the unalike taradiddle techniques, how he uses the cartridge holder-shift device, how he introduces the blood between the fabricator and the indorser, how he addresses the lecturer and how he makes use of the hobby-horses.For an induction I would like to mention some aspects of the apologue and its reception. Sterne is best survive for his bracing The demeanor and Opinions of Tristram shandygaff, Gentle piece, for which he became famous not only in England, but through with(predicate) bulge out Europe as rise up. Sterne wrote Tristram shandygaff between 1759 and 1767. It was promulgated in nine volumes, the first two appearing in 1760, and heptad an separate(prenominal)s following everywhere the succeeding(a) ten years. accord to a literary webpage it was not always thought as a masterpiece by other writers such as Samuel Johnson who said in a brushup from 1776 that no social occasion odd testament do long.Tristram shandy did not ending but in opposition to that European critics such as Voltaire and afterwards Goethe praised the book, clearly superior. (www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne). The novel may buzz off been for Sterne and his generation an excitingly new trunk, but Sterne manages to bring home to the lecturer what a novel could not do as healthy as what it could. (Ricks,15). According to Andrew Sanders this novel is the one that is freest of insistent linearity, the one that makes the to the highest degree daring wish to escape from the models established by the epic or by history. It glances cover guide to the anecdotal collaring of Burtons The Anatomy of Melancholy, to the bawdy ebullience of Rabelais, and to the experimental games of Swift and the Scriblerians, but it is lastly an unprecedented, and still unriv twoed, experiment with form. (Sanders, 317).In this novel, Sterne broadens the possibilities of the novel form, and yet unlike more or l ess novels, it is commercial enterpriseed explicitly with reminding us that there atomic number 18 things which you cannot expect a novel to do. The greatness of Sterne is that, with humour, and sensitivity, he insists all the time that novels cannot save us. (Ricks, 13)To begin my analysis, first I would like to look at how Sterne parodies the different narrative techniques. According to Jeffrey Williams the novel demonstrates an extraordinary form in novelistic sense due to the fact that the narrative of Tristrams autobiography and the history of the Shandy family are incomplete and intermitted. The parade of the plot is quite exceptional concerning the conventional plot forms because it is disorganised and has a non- linear schema. (Williams, 1032) An essayist, abducely Viktor Shklovsky, gives the answer to that unique form that the disorder is well-read the work possesses its own poetics. (Shklovsky, 66) spare-time activity the previous avouchment from Jeffrey Williams, th e narrated events are truly some(prenominal) interrupted by Tristram who calls for the importance of narration. He explains that Tristram Shandy is an embedded narration, which fashion that the interrupted parts and comments make a linear narrative. The main role is the narrator, Tristram Shandy, who tries to acquire the best he can when recounting the history of the Shandy family from 1695 till 1711. (Williams, 1033) As Shklovsky puts it, Tristram Shandy is the most typical of novels because it so overtly inscribes its own narrative, its own act of narrating. (Shklovsky, 66).To continue with this theme, the time of narrating is worth mentioning. In an essay by Jeffrey Williams, Genette Grard distinguishes four types of narration harmonise to lay position and impersonates this novel into the simultaneous form, meaning narrative in the kick in contemporaneous with the action. (Williams, 1036) From this explanation it turns out that Tristram Shandy, as part of Tristrams autob iography, is a narration in the past.The other basic device Sterne uses is the time-shift technique which stop whatever action may seem to be developing (Shklovsky, 67) To deck what Shklovsky means by the time-shift device, he takes an example from the book. In the first volume, Sterne evidences us about the interruption of a sexual act (in which Tristram was begot) by Mrs Shandys question. The anecdote is figured out as the following Tristrams father sleeps with his wife only on the first Sunday of each(prenominal) month the same evening he winds up the clock in order to get out of the way at one time all family concernments, and be no more than plagued and pestered with them the rest of the month. As a conclusion, an irresistible association of conceits became established in his wifes mind as soon as she heard the clock being wound up, a totally different matter came to her mind, and the other way around. That is the reason for her question, Pray, my dear, have you not for got to wind up the clock? (Shklovsky, 67 in any case qtd by TS., 35) and the interruption of Tristrams fathers activity.. (Shklovsky, 67).He pointed out in his essay that this anecdote is presented into the book through different steps. The initial step is the comment about the irresponsibility of parents, accordingly the induces question without a reason for its significance. The referee may call up that the question interrupted what the father was saying but this is only Sternes trick which aims at our misconception - Did ever woman, since the creation of the world, interrupt a man with such a silly question? (T.S. 36 also qtd. by Shklovsky). This device follows the novel from the antecedent. Shklovsky states that Sterne mentions the purpose only after the actions, which is his constant device.Following the time-shift technique, another device Shklovsky presents is the usage of sewing together the novel from different short stories. Sterne seems to manipulate and expose the novels very structure formal devices and structural relations made perceptible by violating their ordinary employment, which make up the very content of the novel. Sterne permitted actions to take place simultaneously, but he parodied the development of the subplot and the intrusion into it of new material. The description of Tristram Shandys birth is the material developed in the first part, occupying some(prenominal) pages, almost none of which are devoted to the account of the birth itself. What is developed, in the main, is the heros conversation with Uncle Toby. (Shklovsky, 68-69)____ I wonder whats all that noise, and running backwards and forwards for, above stairs, quoth my father, addressing himself, after an hour and a halfs silence, to my uncle Toby, ___ who you must know, was sitting on the opposite locating of the fire, smoking his social vacuum tube all the time, in mute rumination of a new pair of black-push-breeches which he had got on___ What can they be doing, brother?____ quoth my father, we can scarce hear ourselves talk. I think, replied my uncle Toby, taking his pipe from his mouth, and striking the head of it two or trinity times upon the discover of his left thumb, as he began his sentence,____ I think, says he ____ But to get in rightly into my uncle Tobys sentiments upon this matter, you must be made to register a little into his reference work, the outlines of which I shall just give you, and accordingly the dialog between him and my father will go on as well again. (TS., 87 also qtd. by Shklovsky, 69)As the former example demonstrates, the technique of intrusion is used by Sterne constantly, and it is obvious in his funny commemoration of Uncle Toby. He not only recognizes the hyperbolic elaborations of his development, but plays with that development. This method is for Sterne the canon. (Shklovsky, 70).The next topic relating to the novel is how the relationship of the narrator and the proof lector is presented. For this matter, I will use an Internet source, namely an essay by Aimed Ben-hellal. According to Aimed Ben-hellal, in the beginning of the novel Tristram Shandy declares that Writing, when properly managed, (as you may be sure as shooting I think mine is) is but a different name for a conversation () (T.S., 127, also qtd. by Ben-hellal). This statement will determine his writing all the way through the book. Tristrams speech defines the around-the-clock dialogue between narrator and reader. In the above example the reader is addressed in an informal and communicative way. Tristram tries to lure the reader from the beginning of the novel and tries to get as much of his attention as he can, which means that the reader is brought on the stage to become the true character of the book (Ben-hellal, 1).In the opening chapter of the book, Tristram addresses the reader as the following ___ look at me sizable folks, this is not so inconsiderable a thing as many of you may think it () (T.S, 3 6, also qtd. by Ben-hellal). In this quotation, the narrator attempts to catch the attention of his reader to point out his imageing of the tragicomical circumstances of his destiny. The heros life and his adventures are presented to the reader in order to get to know him. The narrator manages to establish the first contact. The prenomen good folks is usually indicative of the distance which initially separates the doer from his spectators. (Ben-hellal, 2). Three chapters later this distance lessensI know there are readers in the world, as well as many other good raft in it, who are readers at all, __ who find themselves ill at ease, unless they are let into the whole secret from first to last, of every thing which concerns you. ( T.S, 37, also qtd. by Ben-hellal, 2).Ben-hellal states that Tristram invites different kinds of people, occasional readers or literature addicts to accentuate to deal with the unfolding of the narrative. Tristrams story begins ab Ovo (from the egg), in defiance of the Homeric epic tradition that begins stories in the middle of things and then allows the background to unfold along with the action. The alternative, seemingly, would be to begin with the beginning Tristram takes the possible action to an almost ludicrous extreme by beginning from his conception kinda than his birth. (www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne)Tristram tries to select the kind of readers that will best understand him due to the fact that a novel crucially depends on a reader. (Ben-hellal, 2) The following quotation clearly illustrates thatTo such readers, however, as do not choose to go so far back into these things, I can give no better advice, than that they skip over the be part of this Chapter for I declare before hand, tis wrote only for the curious and the inquisitive. (T.S, 38 also qtd. by Ben-hellal,2)As Ben-hellal pointed out in chapter six, volume one, the narrator and a reader become much closer to one another. In the novel this intimacy referred t o as you, Sir, or my dear friend and coadjutor. The personal pronouns, I, and you, emphasize the informality of the conversation.As you proceed get ahead with me, the slight acquaintance which is now beginning betwixt us, will move up into familiarity and that, unless one of us is in fault, will terminate in friendship.() then nothing which has touched me will be thought trifling in its nature, or tedious in its describeing (T.S, 41, also qtd. by Ben-hellal, 3).This chapter turns out to be the beginning of intimacy and sociability. The narrators main concern is to be friendly with the reader, and to sympathise with the unfortunate hero. (Ben-hellal, 3) Tristrams frequent addresses to the reader draw us into the novel. From Tristrams perspective, we are asked to be open-minded, and to follow his baksheesh in an experimental kind of literary adventure. The gap between Tristram -the- author and Sterne-the-author, however, invites us not only to participate with Tristram, but also to value his character and his narrative. (www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne) A quotation quoted by Ben-hellal illustrates the number and oftenness of apostrophes, which indicates that Tristrams relationship with his readership become quite intimate. Tristram addresses the reader approximately three hundred and fifty times during the course of the book as My manufacturing business, Jenny, Madam, your worship, Julia, your reverences, gentry,(). It is as though the reader has invaded the book and Tristams confidence in a single statement rest on determining the unknown readership. (Ben-hellal,3)This considered, we might safely interpret that the concept of readership is significantly manipulated in Tristram Shandy. Tristrams behaviour differs according to changes in the identity of his imaginary reader. From chapter six on, the type of reader identities becomes wider and more varied. ( Ben-hellal, 3). The following passage will best illustrate how the narrator addresses the readerYour s on __ your dear son, ___ from whose sweet temper you have so much to expect. ___Your Billy, Sir ___ would you, for the world, have called him Judas? ___ Would you, my dear Sir, he would say, laying his hand upon your breast, with the genteelest address () ___Would you, Sir, if a Jew of a godfather had proposed the name for your child, and offered you his purse along with it, would you have consented to such a desecration of him? (TS, 78 also qtd. By Ben-hellal, 4).Pleading in favour of his fathers theory about the influence of names on the destiny of new-born children, Tristram addresses the reader in the liveliest manner. Exclamation and question marks mark off the whole passage to convey an impression of lively exchanges. As he tries to demonstrate the validity of Walter Shandys viewpoint, Tristram humorously implicates the reader and the readers son Billy. To make his point the narrator stages a tailor-made reader (and his son), for the space of a single representation and asks him if he would have accepted to christen his hypothetical son with the name of Judas (Ben-hellal, 4).The most comical dialogues in the novel are when the imaginary fe manly reader is addressed by Tristram.___How could you, Madam, be so inattentive in variation the last chapter? I told you in it, That my mother was not a papist. ___ R.C. You told me no such thing, Sir. Madam, I beg leave to repeat it over again, That I told you as plain, at least, as words, by direct inference, could tell you such a thing. ___ Then, Sir, I must have missd a page.___ No Madam, __ you have not missd a word. Then I was asleep, Sir.__ My pride, Madam, cannot allow you that refuge.___ Then I declare, I know nothing about the matter.___ That, Madam, is the very fault I lay to your charge and as a punishment for it, I do insist upon it, that you at once turn back, that is, as soon as you get to the next upright stop, and read the whole chapter over again (TS, 82 also qtd. By Ben-hellal, 4).According t o Ben-hellal, the female reader is introduced because the narrator wants to discipline her and the reason lies in the act of reading. Punctuation is again present, showing the concept of conversation. Reading through the quotation, Tristram resembles as an authoritarian narrator, who instructs the Madam what to do and how to do things. The narrator accuses her of not reading attentively. (Ben Hellal, 5) In Chapter twenty, Tristram saysI wish the male-reader has not passed by many a one, as quaint and curious as this one, in which the female-reader has been detected. I wish it may have its effects __ and that all good people, both male and female, from her example, may be thought to think as well as read. (TS, 84)In the above quotation, the narrator tries to highlight the importance of idea and reading. He points out the example of the Madam to others, in order to learn from it.The last topic I would like to touch upon is how the reader is associated with the idea of the hobby-horse . There is nothing inherently sinister about these hobby-horses most people have them, and Tristram confesses readily to having a few of his own. (www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne) In an article about the idea of the hobby-horse, the writer, namely Helen Ostovich, deals with the reader-relationship between the narrator and a female reader, Madam. Tristram usually treats Sir ___ his male reader ___with casual indifference, and showers his mighty or fashionable readers , whether secular or clerical __ your worships and your reverences __ with genial contempt. He lumps the male readers together with other good, unlearned folks in his conception of the joint reader as recalcitrant hobby-horse. (Ostovich, 156) The female reader represents a circumscribed kind of hobby-horse to Tristram. Madam is in comparison with the Spanish horse, Rosinante.She is, like Rosinante, the wedge shapes horse a horse of chaste deportment, which may have given grounds for a contrary opinion () __ And let me tell you, Madam, there is a great deal of very good celibacy in the world, in behalf of which you could not say more of your life. (TS, 47-48 also qtd. by Ostovich, 156)According to Ostovich, this quotation suggests that the horses physical style and the riders imagination are related. Man and hobby-horse are, in Tristrams opinion, are similar to body and soul long journeys and much clash create electric charges between the two that redefine both, so that ultimately a clear description of the nature of the one may form a pretty exact notion of the genius and character of the other. (T.S, 99 also qtd. by Ostovich, 156) By getting on a horse and riding it well means a good experience. This happens in the case of the writer if he writes with pleasure, the reader will bear him so the experience provides its own answers. (Ostovich, 156)To conclude my analysis of Tristram Shandy, one can say that this novel is not a conventional one due to its most noticeable characteristics its time- scheme and its discursive style.Works Cited1. Ostovich, Helen. Reader as Hobby-Horse in Tristram Shandy. In New, Melvyn, ed. Tristram Shandy. (Contemporary Critical Essays). London Macmillan Education Ltd, 1992.2. Sanders, Andrew. The Short Oxford History of English Literature. Oxford Oxford UP Second Ed., 1994. pp. 317-318.3. Shklovsky, Viktor. A Parodying Novel Sternes Tristram Shandy. In O Teorii Prozy. Moscow, 1929.4. Sterne, Laurence. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. London Penguin Group., 1967.5. Williams, Jeffrey. Narrative of Narrative. (Tristram Shandy). Modern Language Notes. 105(1990) pp. 1032 1045.6. www.sparknotes.com/lit/sterne7. www.univ-mlv.fr/bibliotheque/presses/travaux/travaux2/benhellal.htm

Issues Facing Prison Service

I carry on the major challenges facing the prison ho purpose service over the next 5 years, are preventing the introduction of medicates into prisons and managing prisoners with medicate problems. do drugs finds in prison three-fold over the last 5 years, i. e. approximately 6 drugs finds per day in Scottish prison ho practice sessions. 69% of the prison population report drug practice session compared to 8% in the community. Research has identified defined routes into prison. The main routes being visits, ring armour, prisoners on admission, over the wall, prison staff and concealed in clothes sent in.These routes are organised and concealed by individuals using unlawful mobile recollects, which are free from monitoring and provide real clipping direction. The prison service has the difficult task of allowing prisoners access to their families in decorous humane surroundings, whilst at the same time preventing the introduction of drugs into the prison. Some prisoners utilise pressure on their friends and family to introduce drugs at visits this may be with with(p) reluctantly and has serious consequences for the drug mule if he or she is caught.Basic tools such as observation, intelligence, CCTV out with the visit area and x-ray equipment can adjourn this practice, however, is not wholly effective. Items concealed in mail and include clothing sent in through the postal service, are well cognise to prison staff who routinely x-ray all items. This practice is sorry for the small amount of drugs that can be concealed in these items. The meddling constraints on prisoners on reception from court who have drugs concealed in body orifices is a difficult practice to tackle and can subroutine up sizeable amounts of drugs being brought in through this route.Packages thrown over prison walls during exercise periods have become a profitable route of introduction. Prison staffs are advised not to intervene during this highly populated and peeled p eriod, but to monitor and deal with the recipients after the event this allows the package to be secreted before intervention. Corrupt prison staff, for a variety of reasons i. e. debt, pressure or blackmail, introduce drugs, money mobile phones etc into the prisons. This relatively safe route is highly problematic as the quantities involved are dependent on the reasons, poise and desire of the corrupt staff member.For those participating in drug use in prison, there is a financial and health cost. Limited supplement and high demand result in inflated prices. The debt incurred is paid for through a variety of means i. e. through canteen purchases, payments from families outside, selling or trading their own belongings or trading services i. e. inflicting strength on a nominated individual or acting as a drug runner, collecting debts or distributing drugs. The health costs are those associated with drug use i. e. lood-borne viruses from sharing equipment, anxiety, depression, para noia, weight loss and malnutrition. Reducing drug introduction and managing drug users, are different sides of the same coin and cannot solve in isolation. These drug markets are associated with violence and intimidation, continued drug use in prison will growth the chances of dependent drug use when released. It is generally regarded that the take-up of treatment services in prison is jibe to the availability of drugs at bottom the area.Increased security measures without adequate drug treatment programmes could be problematic. A robust clinical person centred detoxification scheme conjugated with enthronement in a Counselling, Assessment, Referral, Advice and Throughcare service (CARAT) have shown to have a overconfident impact in drug use decline. Drug free blocks, coupled with voluntary drug testing, have likewise shown to significantly reduce drug use amongst the population. Enhanced regimes which include employment and greater privileges have also proven successful.My recommendations to reduce the introduction of drugs into prisons and to manage prisoners with drug problems are as follows * Nominate a Drug Strategy co-ordinator whose key role is to breach equal weight to drug treatment and supply reduction measures within the establishment. * Have dedicated Drug Supply Reduction Teams. Motivated teams maintain better results than less interested teams. * Improved liaison with local police, pregnant for tackling all routes of external supply and should be included in the local prison drug strategy. Established prisons should move the prisoners to exercise areas off from prison walls. New builds should be designed to protect the exercise yard away from prison walls. * Security in and around the visit areas should be intensify by the use of passive drug dogs, on site CCTV and skilful motivated dedicated Drug Supply Reduction Teams. * Literature for visitors and prisoners on the impact, consequences and penalties of drug use and supply should be displayed and available for perusal. Passive drug dogs should be used in the searching of prisoners property, mail and accommodation area as a matter of course. * Cultivate a greater awareness amongst staff of the use and importance of intelligence report and feeding this into the National Intelligence Model. * Where possible block mobile phone signals, however the use of the Body Orifice Scanner System (BOSS) hold should be used in all searches to detect plastic and metal. naming and tracking of vulnerable staff should be addressed by the Drug Strategy Co-ordinator in collaboration with local police. * All prisons should have a person centred clinical detoxification scheme with recognition of the potential for misdirection and misdirect of prescribed intervention. * Follow up and aftercare is as important as pharmaceutic detoxification, CARAT services with investment in staff is crucial to the strong point of work undertaken. Links and referral to Throughcare Addiction Serv ices (TAS) will ensure continuity of treatment and care on release. Voluntary Testing Programmes provide raise and incentives for drug users to last out drug free, resources should be allocated to continue the service. With skilful co-ordinated intervention, the reduction in drugs being introduced into prison will result in an increase in drug users seeking intervention. The challenge is to constantly review and correct strategies to block new routes of introduction and to offer alternatives and support to those who wish to remain drug free.

Geddes Garden City Essay

presentation The Ameri brush aside Political Economist who authored the best read book entitle Progress and Poverty (Lause) defined urbanization as This smell of undischarged cities is not the natural life of s emeritusiery. He must(prenominal), under such conditions, deteriorate, physic e very(prenominal)y, mentally, and morally . To consider his point, the author view that life must be h aged(prenominal) in a serene atmosphere and not in a busy urban center just like those old good long magazine that red beans or the cocoa is enough to send every sign of the zodiac child to a good school. Henry George began musing on this fancy when the sore railroad transport was developed in California that make an influence on high land values and influx of frequent state to city life. That development in one place brought round overcrowding and had wayward implications on the sustainability of the natural environment. However, his idea bequeathd economic reforms that made impro vements of the life of the running(a) classes possible. Cities argon indications of developments and of the visible civilizations of the history of hu military military man beings. It takes a process of faulting that is unique and at the alike time diverse. This work is aimed at explaining the townspeople concepts during the period of industrialization from the beginning of jam transportation and birth of naked as a jaybird cities in particular on how Geddes ob mete outd and analyze these processes.Sustainability of the Man-built Environment It was reason out by Henry George that the man-built environment is something that will not function. However, Patrick Geddes the Leonardo da Vinci of the 20th one C teaches and reaffirms that our creation environment could be sustained provided that man cooperates in the process. It has to be sustained in order that the life hertz of the young generations continues. His statement is not a contradiction to Georges philosophy precis ely a possible solution to mans current problems. His reaffirmation brought to the world a modern try for that veritable(a) though life cycle is limited, this world is salve something magna cum laude to be c bed for and it can endure. The positive attitude of George influences not only his neighbors but the human small town at large during his time to the present. There be issues on industrialization which brings wealth but at the selfsame(prenominal) time destroys the natural environment caused by pollutants. For this reason, Geddes made it clear that man do not live by the jingly of his coins. There is always a chain effect if one resource is used in accordingly. He provided a solution scripted in the Evergreen book that a sustainable world is as simple as making it good green. His conviction reminded even planners that if developments are unchecked it would create more hap than improvements. Globally, everyone breathe the same air that a poor or a developed nation brea thes. The current concern do not deals solo with affordability but also sustainability. With the pressing trend of modernization, comfortable living is expensive and value for money is usually a rare find. The problem of overcrowding in the cities and the lack of economic growth in the rural areas still remain to be a problem on poorly planned cities. The add of deteriorating cities will lead to the decline of the global sustainability. The idea here is to provide developmental options that are definitely relevant to every cities of the world.His mottos by creating we echo and by living we learn was made to good use by educating people nigh their environment (Grewar). The new housing design for workers, organizing his neighbors to fix houses and build tends made an indelible mark in his workings which can still be seen in every postcard of the citys Royal Mile that even Albert Einstein admired and has honored him (Grewar).The tend City MovementPatrick Geddes three dimension al thinking (geography, economics and anthropology) places friendly sciences above math and logic, biology, chemistry and physics. His belief that the earth as a cooperative planet must teach people on how to fragility properly their environment and is aimed specifically on educating children, improving the physical caliber of life through biological knowledge by producing better medicines, and reasonableness human influence on ecology (Killiecrankie).Geddes bridging social sciences with biology even influenced his biographer Lewis Mumford on the simple idea that man just like plants and animals thrived in healthy conditions which are expressed in one of the extracts of Geddes writingsThe world is mainly vast leaf-colony, growing on and forming a leafy soil, not a mere mineral mass, and we live not by the jingling of our coins, but by the fullness of our harvest. This is green world, with animals comparatively small, and all autarkical upon leaves. By leaves we live (Grewar). M umford an architectural critic and is particularly noted for his direct on urbanization of the environment regarded technology as the destroyer of environment even if he qualifies that electricity could lead to the improvements of the social spheres (University). His works are indications that technology must be regulated.During the late 18th century tend Cities began to evolve through the works of city and town planners particularly the works of Ebenezer Howard in UK influenced by the philosophy of Geddes new approach in urban planning called the garden city movement. Howard began to build self-sustaining towns that combines convenience and industries find on agricultural sites (Sir Ebenezer Howard).Howard realizes that no matter from what nation a man belongs, at that place is but one social issue which is difficult to go and that is problems on housing and labor. This propelled numerous to advocate the new movement and increases the sentiency on the concept of decency of s urroundings and that includes, ample spaces, clean housing with gardens, and saving of landscapes (Letchworth).The First tend City Letchworth City is founded by Howard and is the first garden city of the world in 1905 the garden city movement became complicated in the exhibits of new housing called the workers cottage or housing for the working class in which some of it still stood today.Those cheap but dependable and functional residences can be affordable to workers. Some of these cottages made of forest or concrete can still be found in Letchworth streets and is now being conserved. Some of the prototype housing called the workers cottages influences the human settlement design of this century. This new housing designed sprawled even to the west for font the workers cottages of Architect Maybeck of California and to the whole world at least natural endowment man an accommodation that he humanly deserves.Mass Transportation fast(a) developments are due to improved transpor tation and communications. The streets affect the life of all its inhabitants and this vision is very much encouraged in order to serve a huge population. This is indeed very necessary but at the same time may lead to a city decline. This entails constitutional planning on how to maintain a good life in a cellular metropolis. Victor Gruen a planning practitioner, mentioned in his last publicized works that auto sprawl would cripple the global ecosystem and brings about physical and psychological starvation of the urbanized man (Hill). Today, some cities plants a good number of trees for every parking slots or spaces created. Planning theories must be integrated to transit that is useful to automobile cities and providing more mass transit and more freeways. Automobile cities, needs more spaces unlike the old horse tracks during the colonial times. Human settlement today cannot tolerate a waste of space in places where living condition is dense. Somehow, these dense spaces are capab le of providing the maximum comfort for man by means of robotlike equipments in buildings.In this cities life is fast and expensive. Technology is a planning for mans comfort and not a means to enslave but more often than not it is the other way around. However, there are many fast developing cities that is capable of coping with the new technology because work is valued in congruent with the dignity of man. Gruen proposes a plan that could justify economic productivity of big cities and at the same time create sub cities that would adapt to what he calls megalopolitan sprawl. However, globalization could also mean going beyond ones land area. There is still vast area of lands wanting to be developed. There are many nations that are in need to cope with the present dynamics of the new world technology. And while there are other places where overpopulation is a problem there are affluent cities in the second millennium that the alter population growth also presupposes danger.Concl usion In the abstract written by Dr. Mervyn Miller, he mentioned the book written by the founder of Letchworth, tomorrow a Peaceful Path to Real Reform written in 1898 is very much true to our society of today. He recalls that the garden city is a potent concept in the emergence of the 20th century cities. Contemporary planners addressed the issue by following the course of people like Geddes. However, due to the increase in the demand on the withdraw to life, those familiar workers cottages are considered mini-mansions of many career oriented people of today. full spaces are defined as functional spaces due to the ever change magnitude cost per area of construction in square foot or in meters. Coping with life that is becoming unsustainable is becoming a depressing problem even more than how George views it in his time.The internationalist who believes that nothing is gained by overcrowding still support the issue on the green environment that is very relevant today. However, t here are trends that are still needed to be discovered and be rediscovered especially within the new technology on on how this new ideas can be within the reach of everyone. The make here is what kind of technology should be provided to sustain the ordinary man of the streets.The approach that Geddes concept has provided in his time is for the working class of the industrialized period. That became the reason why todays environmentalist regarded Geddes a keeper in land use and its sustainability. Today, a number of men with the same aspirations of those Internationalist described is very much needed. This fast growing old planet needs people who are a hundred percentage human beings in the middle of the electro- mechanical world.Works CitedGrewar, Mindy. Vivendo Discimus Everything in the Garden Is Magnifique for the Anniversary Celebrations of a Great Scot. (2004). 11 April 2008 .Hill, David R. Sustainability, Victor Gruen, and the Cellular Metropolis. (2008). 11 April 2008 .K illiecrankie. Patrick Geddes 1854-1932. (2008). 11 April 2008 .Lause, Mark. Henry George. 11 April 2008 .Letchworth. Letchworth the First Garden City (2007). 11 April 2008 .Sir Ebenezer Howard. (2007). 11 April 2008 .University, Regent. Lewis Mumford (1895-1988). (2007). 11 April 2008 .

Modern approach to teen substance abuse help and management methodologies Essay

jejuneager drug and alcohol ab function man termment is aimed at arresting adverse indulgence that lead to clinical cases. Serological turn bulge out on sub-clinical cases of depression and tipsiness show preventive counseling is useful in managing depression and dipsomania. About 51% of teens within a hit-or-miss cluster of 20 males and 10 females ar energeticly involved in intoxication. Clinical cases are on the rise within Latino and raw teens. Arresting the cases within their early stages is feasible with the institution level M. Rosenbaum (2003).Teachers should line effective means for recreational and rehabilitative timetables. Alcoholism often takes moorage between 3pm and 7pm are on the rise among teen pupils (www. samhsa. gov). Students indulge out-of-door the initiate compound or homestead, or in the most neglect and limitedly visited areas. The commonly abused alcohol is beer and spirits (www. samhsa. gov). Factors leading to alcoholism consume to be id entified so as to limit any sub-clinical measures. This exit facilitate to find a existent get along to arrest alcoholism in its early stages.Factors such as stress, abuse, stereotyping lead to depression. Aping friends, parents or well-nigh public figures. Also, interest in alcohol, searching identity in age mates and friends and proving maturity and sexuality lead to indulgence M. Rosenbaum (2003). Socio-economic backgrounds contribute to alcoholism. Teens from wretched families are less aggressive in alcoholism while those from productive families are indulgent. A sample of six middle income families and six proud level income families responded to a questionnaire about if their teenage children were involved in alcoholism. however two of the middle level parents admitted to alcoholism in their teens while out of the six respondents from the higher income family five admitted their teens were into mild and profound alcoholism (www. nida. nih. gov). Teen alcoholics admit th ey drink overdue to peer pressure, to be identified and to croak in their peer groups and avoid isolation. Others admit they are aping the movie stars, their idols and theatrical role simulations, having fun, self redemption, thwarting stress and problems and seeking a unique stake in the society.Social integration in this age level and addressing this employ in a concerted effort is necessary in naturalize level and beyond. On a cross cultural-community approach, more than black and Hispanic teens are engaging in alcoholism. Increased exposure to wages in the baseborn level income families has upped the level of fondness abuse and alcoholism in teenagers. Teenage girl alcoholics are on the rise within the low level income families. A certain portion of this group is involved in ir responsible sexual behavior and prostitution while some are working as young prostitutes.This constant rise in alcoholism and depression is seen in the context of declining literacy in the teens . Hispanic teens collectively piss made less progress in graduating from high shallow compared to their mordant counterparts. Up to 28% Hispanic teens are dropping out in comparison to 15% Blacks. Teen alcoholics guard problems in the society. The creation of a positive social interaction environment in a matey and unrestrictive atmosphere offers the proper environment for therapy and manageable counseling.Its aimed at improving collective social behavior so as to embolden and correct the students. The school counselor-at-law should counsel based on education pedagogical approaches. This instills discipline and advocates the students to share their problems. Within the recreational context the teacher should initiate recreational activities akin playing chess, bridge, and other in-house games (Ken & David 2007). Through a cognitive-control form the teacher manifests self analysis, self recognition, and self help so as to regulate behavior.The student reads materials where in the teen reads her problem and follows a specialise of procedures like, playing with her pet, watching an inspiring video, etc. The procedure is used in the environment created by the school teacher (above). The objective is to create competing system within the brain and engage adolescents lessen brain capacity to regard physical engagement with substances. The counselor has a role to comparatively round off the potential of the students and assess their capacity. Authoritatively, he should embark to make impact on their socio-academic well being.The perspectives borne within this context are purported to limit clinical interventions case of adverse depression and alcoholism. Involvement of capacity building and establishment of more positive youth groups so as to build on youths strengths, ( by means of advising on developing positive mental attitude towards their abilities in education and entrepreneurship). The school counselor should as often as possible make groups whic h consist of most disciplined students to act as the role models. These role model groups actively integrate incorporate the students who have depression or alcoholism problems M. Rosenbaum (2003).This makes these students sociable and gradually makes them feel acceptable in these groups and most important, desists from substance abuse. The teacher should invite the community to lead in playing a role of advisors while he is the active leader. These community particles and the school counselors have the obligation to present appropriate role-models and opportunities for remediation for young people ripening up in the school community. The message to young adults and their peers must be that they scan the dangers of substance abuse and make appropriate choices when confronted with opportunities of drug use.A school counselor should address the teen alcohol problem done an instructive perspective He declares complete clinical views on use and abuse of substances. He should compr ehensively emphasize the importance of the context by giving cases study projections on serological outcomes and clinical intervention risks and impacts on human health. This perspective scope is on teenage cases who are suppositional to actively attend and play roles in the education and during the classes. The concept is to trammel these teens safe from alcohol and to stop substance abuse.The school counselor should give social and drug life education to enable teenagers to make responsible decisions by providing honest information. The novelty of the advice and counseling will discourage the teens from unjustified or partial indulgence. The counselor is also supposed to advise the students to understand their place in the society and their future as citizens in the educative approach (Flannery, 2007). Students tend to have various social networks where they interact. The school counselor should integrate these networks as extracurricular activities by allocating time to be wi th the students. harmonise to interrogation, drug abuse takes place mostly after school and flush hours as stated above (Bachman, Johnston & OMalley 1990). As a school counselor it is important to be involved in participating, and listening to what students depict and how they relate with their peers. In a group setting, I would encourage the students to discourse freely, express their views, thoughts, ideas, and perspectives. I will intervene only while asking them why they feel or think a certain way, indeed offer my support.Students can have a friend or family member participate in order to improve the advice being offered. The setting should be a homely, conducive, and well equipped with communication and research tools to help these students research their problem with guidance from the school counselor. This is a very effective rule and creates a backbone for the gradual and even instant ceasing of alcohol habits. concord to (Rosenbaum, 2003), the after school programs form the basis of a communal approach to the problem. The students are able to understand their problem through guidance.If a students drug use becomes a problem, the after-school drop-in program enables her to make in pro forma contact with a professional, even if she is not ready for formal treatment. If problems escalate, a referral to the appropriate agency can be made (Rosenbaum 2003). ratiocination Safety and correction to reduce harm and to reconstitute behavior and cognizance in the teens is important. The school counselor can actively and consistently erect extra attention and consideration to the teens with the problem and follow up their recovery.Counselors should encourage discussion of trauma experience among the peers and the counseling group. Over weekends, they should refer these teens with the problems to active involvement in community recovery work, church and sporting activities. Counselors should urge on participation in sports and athletics and encourage r esumption of regular social-recreational activities like in-house games and sport. This way the traumatized and the recovering teens will become social figures wholl be emblematical role models and successful and responsible people in the future.Sources (Ken & David 2007), Social-economic decline due to substance abuse by teens An intelligence approach to teen physiology through counter brain measures. Goldman Intelligence, Nairobi p1-5 Barbra Flannery, (2007) International Research Institute, Baltimore Hser, Y-I. Grille, C. E. Hubbard, R. L. et al (2002). An evaluation of drug treatment for adolescents in four U. S. cities Archives of General psychological medicine Volume 17, pp 1 M. Rosenbaum, Just Say No Wins Few Points with Ravers, Los Angeles Times, 31 Jan.2001 A13. M. Rosenbaum (2003) Safety first A reality based approach to teens drugs and drug education. Drug Policy Alliance www. safety1st. org (J. G. Bachman, L. D. Johnston and P. M. OMalley 1990), Explaining the late( a) Decline in Cocaine use Among Young Adults Further certify That Perceived Risks and Disapproval Lead to Reduced Drug use daybook of Health and Human Social Behavior 31. 2 (1990) 173-184 Texas drug and reclamation center http//www. drugfree. org www. samhas. gov www. nida. nih. gov

Morality in “A Farewell to Arms”

The fancy of deterrent exampleity refers to the dimension of gentle existence whereby man confronts or finds himself, an exaltation flock of man, or an exemplification state and goal of his existence which he finds himself oriented toward. The ideal vision thus constitutes for him an exigency, a demand to make forion in accord with the ideal vision and goal. By the same token, this ideal vision of man constitutes a fundamental norm in comparison to which his life and actions atomic itemize 18 judged to be either right or unlawful, good or mediocre.Right and aggrieve literally mean being straight or non, in ain credit line with, in conformity or non, with the norm. On the other hand, good and bad atomic number 18 often utilizationd as equivalents of right and wrong. However, in much precise language, right and wrong refer specifically to that which is morally natural covering or obligatory. Thus, the right action is that which we ought to do or ought to have done, whereas the wrong action is that which we ought to refrain from or ought to have refrained from doing. (Williams)In a shorter and briefer paygrade of the concept of morality, morality stands for what is established as standard for right and wrong. It goes for what the society has as norm or custom. An action thunder mug be tolerable though it is not moral. However in this regard, rightness and wrongness are out of issue. Practicability is utter to be the motivation force for such(prenominal) action which is primarily due to its casing as necessary. Yet, necessity is purely beyond the force field of morality. cleanity in A Farewell to weapons orFarewell to ManzanarThe story boldly exposed the duty period of the character of Lt. Fredric enthalpy while he engaged to different characters. First transformation occurs after he met Catherine. Before, he was initially expound as youthful and womanizer. The nature of his scarper asked him to leave his personal interests over hi s goal as soldier that which is to obey the army and fight for his country. In this initial scene, heat content was not in reality aware(p) of what he was doing.He hanged out with his comrades. He drank alcoholic beverages. He engaged himself to many women. But such seemed to be normal for a soldier like him. Being a soldier, he was ordered to risk his life in order to do his job. As compensation, he wanted to relax by having night-outs and drinking sessions with his co-soldiers. However, when he knew Catherine, he suddenly became beneficial in his life. He was now more kind in all that he did. He stopped going to bars. He stopped hanging out with his comrades. He instead focused himself on his relationship with Catherine. For a while, he wanted to be free from his induce as a soldier.Nevertheless no matter how he was serious with the girl, he just cannot put away his being a soldier. Catherine was pregnant. He wanted to be at her side. Yet he knew that he had to go back to t he front and function as a soldier. He was in a dilemma. He knew that if he chose the former, he would neglect his duty as a soldier to his country. And if he chose the latter he would neglect his promise to Catherine and to their baby as father. But like what was stated earlier, he knew that his work requires sacrifice of his personal interests that which is more important is the interest of his country and countrymen. by and by on, he purely considered the latter.Upon knowing that there was this conspiracy to bring overpower the army by some of his co-soldiers, he escaped from the army. In this scene, enthalpy can be seen as a soldier that upon knowing what was really happening, he had chosen to leave the army instead of reporting the nonessential to his superiors maybe because he was somewhat worried of himself. But then as a servant of his country, his duty is to protect and fight for his country no matter what happen. In this aspect, he acted against his duty.When he fl ed from the army, he happened to meet again with Catherine. Realizing that he had a responsibility toward her and their baby, he convinced her to go to Switzerland and gather in new life. The girl agreed and together they ran away. It is to be noted that ahead the two met and became in love with each other, they had already duties to their countries.Henry was a soldier and Catherine was a nurse. When they escaped, they turned down these supposed jobs in interestingness of their own interests. Honestly, I cannot literally say that they had committed a moral crime of being selfish. Selfishness can be right in certain(a) stations. But still, they left their posts as servants of their country hence somehow they can be criticized for doing such.To analyze Henrys transformation, his character started at the closure of the continuum, far from being moral. But after he met Catherine, he became aware of the rightness and wrongness of his actions. Conversely, in the end of the story his moral authorization was exposed to conflicting duties duty to his country as a soldier and duty to Catherine and his baby as father. Personally, I think that Henry failed to puzzle out his practical reason for choosing his own interest over his countrys interest. And this can be supported by the ending when Catherine and his child died. It suggested that he had picked the wrong decision therefore he suffered its ill-consequences.Using Kantian Ethics, Utilitarianism and sexual abstention EthicsMoral Theories are important in the valuation of military man actions. They serve as the chief framework and criteria for moral judgment.(Timmons) Furthermore, morality is said to be one of the most contested concepts. Its truthfulness and applicability are always put into question. It is true that morality is more specific than the concept of ethics because ethics refers to the study of human actions whereas morality pertains to a finical set of standards in which moral judgment is bein g based.(Williams)Now, in evaluation of morality, there are different aspects that moral theories tend to look at.(Harris) Kantianism or the Kantianism, one of the Deontological theories, implies that human actions are judged with reference to duty or obligation.(Baron) On the contrary, Utilitarianism states that moral judgment can be done by charitable to the consequences of human actions.(Mill) Nevertheless, Virtue Ethics does not focus its evaluation uncomplete on the duty or consequence of an action but earlier on the character or the innovation of the acting agent.(Hursthouse)It is noteworthy to use the abovementioned moral theories in analyzing the transformation of Lt. Henrys character throughout the story.Kantian ethics would most likely criticize Henry for not fulfilling his duties to his country and to his baby. As mentioned earlier, Henry first left Catherine even if he was already aware of the latters pregnancy. When he escaped from the army, he reconciled with Cathe rine and planned to move to Switzerland. Obviously, as it was manifested in the novel, Henry omit his duty as soldier. For Kantianism, such undertaking is morally wrong.In relation to the Utilitarian principle, greatest good for the greatest number, Henry also failed to act morally.(Mill) He undervalued his job as soldier and instead pursued his personal interest. Though his action would benefit him, Catherine and the baby what was deserted was his task of engagement and protecting his country and his fellow countrymen. Obviously, the latter was greater in number as compared to the former and possessed the most intrinsic good. Utilitarianism would say that Henry failed to act morally.Finally, Virtue ethics suggests that the assessment of Henrys decisions and actions should be based on his character and intention.(Hursthouse Williams) Giving the fact that Henry had this intention of escaping and abandoning the army for he valued more his life (though there is cypher wrong for doin g such), virtue ethics would say that Henry was not virtuous for not being courageous in facing the worse situation that he supposedly had. Moreover, he was not virtuous for he did not make a good judgment in making decisions or in solving the dilemma that he had. As a result, he acted against what is morally right in the light of the Virtue ethics.ConclusionTo gibe up, the novel A Farewell to Arms can be described as a story of struggle.(Hemingway) This struggle was all about unloosen oneself from the sphere of war, from the sphere of morality. Morality suggests what one ought to do and not to do.(Williams) It dialogue about standards and code of conducts. On the other hand, morality fades in the sphere of warfare and in the sphere of love. One has the privilege to either fetch to what he think is right rather than do what society tells him to do so. At the end of the day, what gives person happiness is what really counts.References/ Works CitedBaron, Marcia W. Kantian Ethics A lmost without Apology New ed ed Cornell University Press, 1999.Harris, C. E. Applying Moral Theories 5th ed Wadsworth Publishing, 2006.Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. Reprint ed Scribner, 1995.Hursthouse, Rosalind. On Virtue Ethics. New ed ed Oxford University Press, 2002.Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. IndyPublish, 2005.Timmons, Mark. Moral system Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. , 2002.Williams, Bernard. Morality An Introduction to Ethics (Canto). Reissue ed Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Differentiate Between Hazard and a Risk Essay

* evidence between hazard and a danger. Hazard is anything that causes accidental injury, disease, or death to humans, or damage to personal or public property, or deterioration or destruction of environmental components. Risk is suffering injury disease, death, or some other loss as a entrust of exposure to a hazard. (Boorse) * What risks from Figure 17-16 and Table 17-3 surprise you and why do they surprise you? In figure 17-3 the aids rate is what surprised me I didnt think it would be that poor. If anything I thought it would be at the top of the list, but I also thought that alcohol us would be higher than that since it is some many people that use alcohol. (Boorse) * Differentiate between hazard and evil? Give an example of a low hazard risk but a high outrage risk.A hazard is a chance of being injured or harmed and outrage is an act of extreme violence or viciousness. Example You see a person crossing a highway full of speeding affair coming both ways and argon filled w ith hesitations. This is because of perceived risk to his/her life because of an incoming traffic at a high speed. however the man/women themself perceives no risk as he feels he is in control of the situation and will easily cross the highway out front the cars arrives. The hazard to the life of the person remains the same but you are outraged more than the person and this is why you feel a greater risk than the person himself. This is a concept that explains why some risks are felt greater than others.

Euthanasia Persuasive Speech Essay

Imagine a conception where anyone, even the curably charge or depressed, is easily support in suicide. Where someone else decides when youre life is no longer worth living. Where it is a societal expectation to die rather than receive long-term care. Ladies and Gentlemen, this is the world that awaits us if we legalise mercy killing. Euthanasia, or assisted suicide, is defined as the class period or act of ending the life of a terminally poorly(predicate) person, usually by lethal injection. though there is no demand specification for what terminally ill may pertain to.Who would this definition uphold to and who would be eligible to be euthanized? Some lawfulnesss state that terminally ill means that death will occur in a comparatively short time. Others are specifically stating within six months or less. Though this definition is futile, as medical experts state it is virtually impossible to foreknow the life expectancy of each specific patient. As this has been signific antised, numerous euthanasia activists have increasingly replaced references to terminal illness to phrases such as hopelessly ill, desperately ill, incurably ill.In doubting Thomas E. Joiners journal Suicide and Life- Threatening behaviour, an article described the guidelines for assisted suicide to be for those with a hopeless prepare. The definition of hopeless condition included terminal illness, severe bodily or psychological pain, physical or mental debilitation or deterioration, or a feeling of life that is no longer acceptable to the individual. In 2009, over 30% of euthanasia cases were carried out without consent in Belgium.Simultaneously, the number of cases had increased dramatically, specifically 40% greater in 2009 than in 2008. Furthermore, in 77. 9% of these cases the patients had been killed without an verbalised request, nor a discussion of euthanasia. It seems extremely likely that, in Belgium, physicians are cleanup spot patients on their own cognizance wit h no regard for legal restraints. Is euthanasia truly a voluntary practice, as described in the law? Even the enforcement of laws seems ineffective as they have proven to do picayune to ensure the safety of vulnerable patients.How can we ensure that these results will non be replicated in Australia if we follow in Belgiums footsteps? Could euthanasia be considered a slippery slope to legalised murder? When analysing medicines primary taboo, as pledged in the Hippocratic Oath, I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if they asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect it becomes apparent that euthanasia purely contradicts this. Doctor assistance in the death of a patient is antithetical to the moral ethos and the primary culture of medicine.Their role as healer is fundamentally incompatible with euthanasia. Furthermore, euthanasia rejects the gravitas and value of human beings life. The existing quality-of-human-life ethic would be replaced with a utilitarian and nihilistic death culture and a pessimistic view that the behave to lifes most difficult challenges is the intentional ending of human life. Such a radical shift in morality would beset dangerous consequences. Societal pressure and acceptance of this concept would influence the decisions of those who would sooner never contemplate such a decision.Vulnerable people- the elderly, the ill, the depressed- would feel pressure- real or imagined- to request an early death through euthanasia. The legalisation of euthanasia would be detrimental to the strife for survival of the ill and depressed, to the vulnerable that health-maintenance organisations neediness to exterminate, to the medical profession and to the overall value of human life. By legalising euthanasia we are allowing our world to transform into the unthinkable. When will someone else decide when youre life is no longer worth living?

Othello vs Iago

It is a known fact that the actions someone makes end-to-end his/her life fashions the kind of person he/she is, however this is not eer the case. Ultimately it was Othello who was in control of his own behaviour though he was highly influenced. Despite the fact that Iago had finished the deed of killing Roderigo, he was more in control of the others thoughts than actions. Together, Iago and Othello were fundamentally in charge of their lives though powerless to their thoughts and actions.Nonetheless only one can be the most responsible for the tragic events that occur in this play. Insecurities confound a powerful essence on the human mind, and thats just what happened to Othello, he succumbed to his insecurities. Being a incompatible race and a general could be said to be elevated in the time period that this play took place which may have direct to why Othello was reacting so irrationally. He allowed his mind to play tricks on him by latching on to anyone who had shown kin dness to him during a stressful event which led to his fatal flaw Pride.Though he loved Desdemona with all his heart, his pride seemed to be a bit more important. He would not listen to his wife because of the newfound tainted picture of her which meant to him to eliminate the one thing that would recrudesce his image of himself. In the end actions spoke louder than words and he gave in to the murderous ways that ago had planted in his head. With a prominent minds comes great responsibilities, responsibilities Iago seemed to ignore by allowing his jealousy to take over.Honest Iago truly was middling however, he was also extremely clever. He knew how to twist the thoughts of the throng nigh him turning them into his little puppets in order to keep his hands clean. A highly effective instigator which led to the deaths of all the characters who died by manipulating the people around him. when all is said and done, it was Iago who really Influenced the actions preformed by Othello .

Mt Cook Formation

Mt earn/Aoraki formation Vinoth Loganathan New Zealand is a country which straddles between cardinal architectonic plates the indo-Australian and the Pacific. The location of the South Island is south of both Australia and South Africa this is a study contributor to the geological process of weathering beca delectation it makes Mt. stimulate subject to the westerly winds. MT Cook is situated in the Southern Alps between the two tectonic plates mentioned above. Its current height is now stated at 3,753 meters making it the tallest jackpot in Australasia.The mountain itself has been organize by three important geological processes one cozy tectonic turbulenceing and 2 foreign weathering and erosion. Internal 1. Tectonic Uplifting Mt. Cook was formed by the internal process of orgenic tectonic uplifting, where two plates collide and one plate increases in elevation and the opposite plate decreases. However Mt. Cook formed differently comp bed to other mountains. This is ascr ibable to both tectonic plates having landmass on the go and the plates meeting at different angles. The movement occurring here is grinding which pushes up land mass (Mt.Cook) and creates a transform fault. Present rate of uplift is 5-10 mm a year but this is easily countered by weathering and erosion. show up of this uplift is apparent on the mount on the south continue specifically the Endeavour col fold where sand, mud and silt has been folded and fractures forming erect beds of silt and sandstone. Overall the tectonic uplift of Mt. Cook over the last(prenominal) 2 to 3 million years could have been up to 20 kilometres but weathering and erosion have easily countered it. Westerly Winds External 1. Weathering Mt.Cook has been regulate by powerful forces of weathering. Mt Cook is subject to high amounts of weathering due to its height and location. Mt Cook is located south of Australia and South Africa making it the first significant barrier to the powerful westerly winds th e roaring mid-forties. Due to the wind Mt. Cook is subject to various different types of weathering much(prenominal) as freeze thaw weathering. When the wind reaches the Southern Alps the circularize rises and drops rain on Mt. Cook. When the water reaches the mountain it lands in a crack, it and so freezes freezes and expands making the crack bigger.The process repeats and weathers the mountain. This process occurs all over the mountain rapidly due to often temperature change. This process also occurs a round on the peaks on the mountain being the reason why the peaks are so sharp. 2. Erosion The wind and rain affecting Mt. Cook is a significant cause of erosion. Rain and wind both use gravity to essentially remove the loose quake of the mountain. Rain does it by washing it off and wind does it by blowing it off. There is significant indorse that substantial erosion has occurred on Mt. Cook.This is located at the valleys of the Southern Alps. expectant river beds made up of of eroded scree and gravel. Also multiple glaciers such as the hooker glacier are carrying eroded debris matching the rock Mt. Cook is made up of. Weathering and erosion have contributed to the formation of surface Cook by shaping it. The shape of Mt. Cook is wide at the bottom but skinny at the top this is because the higher you go the more weathering and erosion occurring. So in conclusion Mt. Cook has been formed by multiple geological processes and is continuing to be formed this pass on age.