Extended Essay Table Of Contents Example For Students

Extended Essay Table Of Contents ISOTABLE OF CONTENTS2EXECUTIVE SUMMARY3INTRODUCTION4WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISO?5WHY HAVE IT?7WHO HAS IT?8WHO WANTS IT? WHY?9REGISTRATION PROCESS?10WHO RUNS IT?12WHO IMPLEMENTS IT?13WHO MAINTAINS IT?14WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF NOT HAVING IT?15AUDITING PROCESS?16Internal Audit16External Audit17INTERVIEW WITH JOYCE IRVING18INTERVIEW WITH BILL JEFFREY19CONESTOGA COLLEGE20CONCULSION21SOURCES22EXECUTIVE SUMMARYBeing ISO certified, what does that mean and what is required by the organization implementing it? What is the process and procedures when registering for ISO certification and what are the advantages of doing this?ISO means International Organization for Standardization. Organizations who decide to be certified have made a predefined choice to improve their quality management if focusing on the 9000 series or if they were focusing on the 14000 series their primary concern would be environmental management. A mandatory requirement to be certified is to go through the registratio n process, which involves various phases. Mainly these phases are put in place to confirm that the current documented management system will meet the standard requirements and the policies and procedures are being effectively executed. To achieve an effective Registration Assessment the company must go through an auditing process where an auditing team will analyze the management system and its records to see if they are established and being maintained effectively. Once the organization has proven its capability to be ISO certified and is registered, they will still have to go through an auditing process every three years to maintain the quality management system in place. So why have it? ISO standards contribute to making the development, manufacturing and supply of products and services more efficient, safer and cleaner. They supply governments with a mechanical base for health, safety and environmental legislation. In addition to aiding the transfer of technology to developing countries, International Standards make life easier for consumers and serve as a safety measure. Furthermore, suppliers and clientele are committing to only dealing with other ISO certified companies to further guarantee the quality management process. Benefits of being ISO certified can be described as being invaluable. This report will take a look at the benefits from different perspectives in the economy and how these benefits are being noticed by organizations internationally and how this reflects on the growing number of ISO certified companies. Included in the report will be an example of how Conestoga College was granted ISO certification and the problems that were encountered throughout the implementation of the system. Why was it put on the back burner? To answer the many questions we had, we needed to talk to individuals who had the hands on experience in dealing with the ISO situation. We then conducted two interviews; one with Joyce (- position?) and the other with Bill Jeffery (- position?). After gathering the information from the interviews as well as the research that was conducted, our group needed to pinpoint the problems and decide on what recommendations should be made to help fix these problems. The report will take a more in depth look into the problems encountered and the recommended solutions we identified within Conestoga College. INTRODUCTIONISO has become more commonly used throughout organizations internationally in the past few years. Currently, there are 148 countries certified organizations using International Standards. Organizations are finding more of a pressure to become registered, as suppliers and clientele only want to deal with ISO certified companies. Furthermore, organizations are seeing the benefits from being ISO certified. Registered companies who are within the ISO family find that they gain better operations, enhanced performance and expanded profitability. There are various types of ISO that are divided into two different main families. The first family is the ISO 9000 series, which is concerned with Quality Management, and the second family is the ISO 14000 series, which is concerned with Environmental Management. In order to be ISO certified organizations would have to go through a registration process. The registration process consists of two main stages. The first stage is the initial assessment, which is completed to ensure that the current documented management system that is in place will meet the specified requirements. The second stage is registration assessment; this is done to ensure that the policies and procedures are successfully carried out in the organization. This process involves internal auditing; where the company must provide the auditing team evidence that the system has been fully documented and effectively implemented, past and current records, facility access, and in addition their cooperation. Internal and external auditing is an integral part of maintaining ISO standards. Through various tasks they will evaluate and analyze the organizations practices and procedures. The internal auditing process involves numerous phases that should be completed in order to organize and conduct a proper internal audit program. External (third party) audits are one of the most significant features of ISO to ensure the consistent quality. There is a clear advantage for an organization to be ISO certified. It not only benefits the company itself but also benefits the customers, governments, trade officials, developing countries, and the planet itself. What ISO stands for:ISO is derived from the Greek isos, meaning equal. This is because International Organization for Standardization would have different abbreviations in different languages. For example, ISO would actually be IOS in English, however in French it would be OIN for Organisation internationale de normalization. Therefore, with the Greek term, it does not matter what country or language, the short form of the organizations name is always ISO. ISO has become more commonly used throughout organizations internationally in the past few years. Currently, there are 148 countries certified in International Standards. Organizations are finding more of a pressure to become registered, as suppliers and clientele only want to deal with ISO certified companies. Furthermore, organizations are seeing the benefits from being ISO certified. Companies who are ISO certified find that they gain better operations, enhanced performance and expanded profitability. There are various types of ISO that are divided into two different families. The first family is the ISO 9000 series, which is concerned with Quality Management, and the second family is the ISO 14000 series that is concerned with Environmental Management. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISO?What is the difference between ISO 9001 / 9002 / 9003/ 14000/01/04/10/11/12? ISO 9001 is the most inclusive and challenging standard in the ISO 9000 series, and is designed throughout the entire product delivery cycle to create quality for its customers. This process involves product design, engineering, manufacturing, purchasing, marketing, sales, product storage, shipping and handling and product servicing. ISO 9002 is the next most demanding standard in the ISO 9000 series, and is designed to make sure that the quality system is in position from the manufacturing process to the service industry. ISO 9002 does not emphasize on product design, because it is specifically structured for companies who manufacture products that are designed by someone else. ISO 9003 is the least severe standard in the ISO 9000 series. It focuses only on the requirements for detecting and con ISO 14000 is the international series of standards, which provide a company w ith a structure for organizing and controlling environmental impacts. These principles cover a variety of environmental regulations, which support companies who need to control problems during final inspection and testing of simple products or services to be in compliance with international reference. Furthermore, International positions are based on best practices for achieving environmental and economic gains. However, these standards do not replace Canadian environmental regulations, and they are not enforceable by the government. It is very important to keep in mind that ISO 14000 does not replace ISO 9000, because these two standards are complimentary. Both series focus on the International standards for quality management and quality assurance. The next two documents detail the requirements and guidelines against which a companys Environmental Management Systems is to be judged. ISO 14001 concentrates on the Environmental Management Systems (EMS), which is a specific principle and is used for guidance. ISO 14004 also focuses on the Environmental Management Systems, but this is a general guideline for principles, systems and supporting techniques. ISO 14010/11/12 are all guidelines for environmental auditing. They have general principles, audit procedures, qualification measures for environmental auditors. These documents are the guidelines that environmental auditors should satisfy. The ISO 9000 series is primarily concerned with Quality Management. This means that the organization does to fulfill:The customers quality requirements and applicable regulatory requirements, while aiming to enhance customer satisfaction and achieve continual improvement of its performance in pursuit of these objectives. The ISO 14000 family is primarily concerned with Environmental Management. This means what the organization does to:Minimize harmful effects on the environment caused by its activities, and to achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance. WHY HAVE IT?International Standards can make a worldwide decision as to the quality, process and standards of products and/or services. ISO provides a state of industry-wide standardization. The standards are practical to industrial and business organizations of all types, to governments and other regulatory bodies, to trade officials, to suppliers and customers, and ultimately, to people in general. ISO standards contribute to making the development, manufacturing and supply of products and services more efficient, safer and cleaner. Trade between countries can be easier and faster with the standards in place. They provide governments with a mechanical base for health, safety and environmental legislation. They assist and support transferring technology to developing countries. Furthermore, International Standards make life easier for consumers and serve as a safeguard. WHO HAS IT?Currently there are approximately 250,000 companies registered and certified in the ISO 9000 series. There are 148 countries joining and it is on the basis of one spokesperson per country, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, that coordinates the system. As of January 2004, the 148 countries consisted of: 97 member bodies36 correspondent members15 subscriber members Member bodies A member body of ISO is the national body most representative of standardization in its country. Only one such body for each country is accepted for membership of ISO. Member bodies are entitled to participate and exercise full voting rights on any technical committee and policy committee of ISO. Correspondent members A correspondent member is usually an organization in a country that does not yet have a fully developed national standards activity. Correspondent members do not take an active part in the technical and policy development work, but are entitled to be kept fully informed about the work of interest to them. Subscriber members Subscriber membership has been established for countries with very small economies. Subscriber members pay reduced membership fees that nevertheless allow them to maintain contact with international standardization. WHO WANTS IT? WHY?There are numerous reasons why a company would like to become ISO certified, however the three main factors are market pressure, internal effectiveness and productivity benefits. Market PressureOrganizations can be persuaded by market pressure to decide to implement and register for ISO. This is because being ISO certified assures consumers that the company has a good Quality Management System. In addition, many businesses gain and maintain suppliers through ISO registration. Internal effectivenessHaving ISO in place has proven over the years to lead companies to better operations, enhanced performance and expanded profitability. Productivity benefitsIn correspondence with the internal effectiveness reasons, the company will benefit overall in productivity with improved operations, performance and profitability. REGISTRATION PROCESS?There are two main stages to the registration process:Stage 1 An assessment is completed to confirm that the current documented management system that is in place will meet the requirements of the QMS and/or EMS standards that the company is pursuing. Furthermore, the assessment validates that the system is implemented and is ready for the Stage 2 Registration Assessment. Stage 2 The reason for the Registration Assessment is to assess the customers management system to the applicable standards and to ensure that the policies and procedures are effectively executed. In order to achieve an effective Registration Assessment, the company must:Provide the audit team with sufficient objective evidence for them to conclude that the management system has been fully documented and effectively implemented in accordance with the applicable standard. Provide the audit team with the appropriate records. In specific, the records will consist of customer complaints, including changes in procedures and work instructions resulting from corrective actions. Allow the audit team access to the facilities, personnel and records to verify that the management system is being maintained and is established. Finally, cooperate in the solution of any non-conformances. Surveillance Audits:Surveillance Audits are conducted on both a semi-annual and annual basis. The audits review:Customer complaints and organizations response Customer internal audit review, planning and results Management review results and actions Progress made towards continual improvement targetsCorrective Actions arising from Assessment or Audit Visits:Corrective Action Requests (CAR) occurs when there is a gap in the implementation of the system. The organization is required to close these gaps using both minor and major corrective actions. Minor corrective actions are not considered critical but are minor lapses in the implementation of the system. Major corrective actions are typically systemic in nature and could essentially affect the system. Corrective actions should be closed in the following time frames:Minor Corrective Actions: 60 days for closure. Infidelity and the Science of Cheating EssayNo way of collecting data in all schoolsErik Delake Assistant VP of Task test 6 years to developPurpose To validate programs through businessWhat workforce actually needsStandards for incoming studentsBalancing act #8594; academic standards#8594; wants to fill seatsMeasure skills 3 essential skillsLevels needed: (Transferable skills)#61656;Measure#61656;Foundation#61656;Compute#61656;Thinking#61656;Written #61656;#61656;Working with each otherINTERVIEW WITH BILL JEFFREY1. Who was involved in the set up and maintenance of ISO?Only in charge of planning up to implementation and some of the initial maintenance. 2. What were the steps taken in the setup of ISO?Initial planning College steering committee #61656;Unions#61656;Management#61656;Support staffISO impacts everyone all campusesLook at standards of ISO#61656;Suggest if we can meet themManagement department heads#61656;Representation from all#61656;Include some students at the beginningFull 2 day ISO training#61656;Educating committee on ISO philosophy#61656;Process was good on documentation#61656;Process documentation systemSetting up ISO is not easy#61656;Once in place maintaining is the big part. #61656;Established training sessions 2 members were families and trained them. #61656;He (Bill Jeffery) came from hospital sector#8594; used to do documentation and audits very natural for him. Educational setting here auditing departments25 auditors were trained to look at documentation in different areas of the college. Left no room in departments to do their job when they did audits. Curriculum design and development#61656;Heart of ISO is #8594; 9001 because we design curriculum #8594; 9002/03 because they dont designNew Program ;#8594; design curriculumMore emphasis on documenting on what we do and proving it. Outline ;#8594; courses ;#8594; course outcomes;#61656;200 300 programsISO system does not relate to financeDesigning product end productHours ;#8594; 12 hours (2*6) of training per 23 auditors ;#61656;Train to educate auditors afternoons/eveningsHardest part of ISO: Challenge ;#8594; auditors #8594; prove you are doing it right. 1.Teach them what ISO is2.Teach them the standards3.Documentation/Paperwork procedures4.TimeProving #8594; Say what you do, do what you say, prove it then improve it (is that right?)3. What were the original benefits?#1 benefit #8594; enhancement of documentation#61656;# of policies to ensure#61656;consistency trying to achieve#2 benefit #8594; evaluating ourselves making sure we audit #61656;Quality assurance #61656;President tried it as is (Im not sure what it said guessed);#61656;Was a point high point understand term ISO;#61656;Different system to maintain3 Steps:;#61656;Structure;#61656;Process (auditing);#61656;Outcomes (enhance problems)4. What were the outcomes you wanted to achieve?People understand their roles better adds consistency. KMI #1 rating because of qualityOther outcome technology business;#61656;Having the capability to talk to businesses that have ISO;#61656;Example: Budd ;#8594; high ISO talk with them because they have the same system. ;#61656;ISO how do you enhance what you do?5. How were they achieved? Or why were they not achieved?No, end of process Outcomes were absolutely metExternal audits comes and insures it 2 times per year6. How was the change communicated?Steering committee meetings;#61656;;#61656;Newsletters/updates/website;#61656;Manual memos#61656;A lot of communication was done so people understand why you are doing it. #61656;Who communicates to faculty?#61656;School meetings with faculty#61656;We were fortunate a lot of faculty had extensive training in ISO, therefore, did not need more. #61656;All campuses#61656;Mail boxes so students can faster read up on ISO7. Did you find that there was any resistance from staff or union?A lot of resistance with any change some people can be very educated on ISO (our department)Those who dont like Documentation Structure Auditing;#8594; will not like ISO change. 20 25 years will not want change easy to convince them that it was goodGave them ;#8594; logic/rational/benefitsRemembering the day of ISO certification. Celebrated in blue room ;#8594; People were so happy! People came out for it. 8. What was the process to maintain ISO?AuditingManuals/documentsEveryday! Training policiesQuality council (up to 10 members) got rid of steering committeeDay to day maintenance Non complacencies peopleHR clerical person;#61656;On job all the time2 people on ISO all the time1. Quality assurance;#61656;Staff development2. Clerking;#61656;Documentation/mapping Committee council meets:;#61656;Developed criteria;#61656;Document well;#61656;Teach it appropriately ;#8594; teaches performanceCompliance vs. non complianceEvery two years:;#61656;A teacher should be evaluated once per 2 year term;#61656;It was not done;#61656;ISO should make sure it is doneSet perimeters on how you operate everyday;#61656;Change documentation to be able to realistically maintain it. ;#61656;Annual reviews too much work, therefore, they change it every 2 years. #1 School I can guarantee you there is not a program in the school that does not have proper documentation. 9. How did you determine what to measure?11. How did you measure performance?(jumped to #12)12. What steps were taken if performance standards were not met?Non compliance/ non conformanceHR teacher evaluation;#61656;Give back to HR manager well documented;#61656;24 48 hours to turn the non conformances and state your plan of action;#61656;Department needs man system;#61656;Its their responsibility to deal with problem (non compliance)Follow up ;#8594; Re-audit (one month/2weeks vs. policies yearly teacher evaluations);#61656;Minor (signature) vs. Major (policy) ;#8594; signatures could be missing small but could be big. If still not met bring up above their position;#61656;Go up ladder up to presidentCommittee to make system workManagement system top down 13. How do you define quality education?Quality Excellence of what we do;#61656;Curriculum best graduate for market;#61656;Employers come back and expect good grads;#61656;Example: Paramedics if they are not trained it could be a life and death situation i.e. medicationNot minimum grades better then passingHow do you measure this?Assurances ;#8594; Inside1. Health Services ;#8594; periodical exam ;#8594; 95% or better -we have a problem Not just 70% to pass but betterA or better in theory and out there2. With our employees:;#61656;How good do our grads do?;#61656;We ask them;#61656;We interact with them/employers/grads;#61656;Ask graduatesKPI comes in ;#8594; #1;#61656;Do our measures/surveys;#61656;Nurses;#61656;Paramedics etc. ;#8594; Do own questionnaire ;#61656;Course evaluation/teachers should ask you to reflect about the course;#61656; Ask student about their input;#61656;ISO across system we did not do it/say it New or modified programs would -That was important and auditedCurriculum ;#8594; Rely on faculty;#8594; Course outline;#8594; Learn very well and stats will reflect that;#8594; then they look at stats qualitySet a bar that is achievable14. What was the cost to establish ISO?Cost ;#8594; Blank on this one video! ;#8594; Direct and indirect ;#8594; salary2 people put into place manager/clerk;#61656;Their salary under $100,000Registrars cost ;#8594; initial registration ;#8594; Cant remember 15/20,000Indirect hard ( to put cost) time and energy of all these people$100,000 #8594; $150,000 per year#61656;Isnt that better for colleges?;#61656;Better marketing;#61656;Dont have to work that hardCost #8594; As long as you have a system framework#8594; Cost is irrelevant#8594; Companies put money into RD(Bla Bla)Back Burner #8594; we were ISO to old standards#8594; only gave us 1.5 2 years to meet new ones not enough timeTake your lossesNew seems easier Taken a lot more resources to get new one We still have quality #8594; its in our mindsOne still in quality managerOne clerical #8594; placed into continuing education? Doesnt know?They did not loose their jobsNo weaknesses ;#8594; just challenges;#61656;Internal auditing;#61656;Too much structure ISO;#61656;Educational institutions too structuredSt. Lauranes ;#8594; modified it Who was the driving force ;#8594; who is we;#61656;Director;#61656;HospitalTalk the lingo business to businessPresident ;#8594; board of governors he is accountable for strategic decisionsBoard made up of directors from industrySame way as businessesBoard appointed ;#8594; by ministry (approved)(new charter?) ;#8595;Does not approve proposals anymore15. How many manpower hours to establish the program?16. How many man hours to maintain?17. How many years? (Salaries * Years)19. Additional comments:18. Since it was taken out for budget concerns, what are you doing with the extra people hired for ISO?CONESTOGA COLLEGEAn external auditing company called KPMG, which is a Quality Registrar Inc. evaluated the colleges overall performance. As a result, the college became fully registered under the ISO 9001 international quality management system on March 10, 2001. Since that date Conestoga College was one of the two Colleges in Ontario that was certified under ISO 9001. John Tibbits announced this accomplishment for Conestoga College at a reception held in the Doon campus inside the Blue Room. The goal to have ISO 9001 for the college was to establish standards that will benefit business, industry, the community, and students who decided to attend Conestoga. This registration marked another positive step for Conestoga, because ISO would help transform the College into a provincial and national center of excellence. The purpose of having ISO at Conestoga:Double enrollmentsTransform into a polytechnic instituteOffer many high quality degree pr ogramsIncrease research and development capabilitiesProvide quality educational options for studentsThese reasons might have increased student demand to acquire education at Conestoga College. Conestogas Quality Policy Statement is: Conestoga College continuously seeks opportunities for improvement to meet the needs of our students, employees and communities.Overall, having ISO 9001 at Conestoga College would have signaled students, customers and clients that this academic institution takes pride in its work, and offers outstanding quality programs and services. PROBLEMS AND RECOMENDATIONSProblem #1: The standards chosen to measure did not directly relate to the desired outcome. Measured paperwork processesMeasured insignificant processes as opposed to important areas to improveShould have focused on setting standards that affect studentsDesired outcome is educated students therefore measurements should relate to thisShould have set standards for curriculumShould have set standards for teaching other than how often SATs are performed. Recommendation #1: Align your standards to relate to your desired outcomeDecide on your desired outcome (Educated students/ quality education)Figure out factors that affect the outcomeSet standards for these factorsDevelop methods to measure these standardsEnsure these are understood by allAudit all of these standards Follow up and fix any non conformancesImplementation #1: Done by Roy Problem #2: Full support Top down and Bottom up was not establishedComplete support from highest level of management to lowest member of staff was not evidentComplete understanding at all levels was not evidentComplete communication at all levels was not evidentDesire to work together in order to improve quality was not evidentNo Blame environment was not established from the TopRecommendation #2: Inform all levels of the true benefits to a quality control systemInvolve all levels in decision making processCommunicate to all levels the real benefits of ISO (developed from rec. #1)Ensure all levels feel free to communicate their ideasEnsure all levels have input into changes Break down walls of communication by eliminating politicsImplementation #2: Done by RoyCONCULSIONInternational and local companies have been more frequently using ISO over the past few years. The standardization that can be accomplished through the two series of ISO, 9000 and 14000, is becoming a strong marketing tool for companies, as there is a growing demand for companies to become certified by clientele. Furthermore, organizations can reap from the advantages of becoming ISO registered by gaining better operations, increased performance and consequently more profitability. As a result from joining the ISO family, not only can the company benefit itself but International Standards also benefits the customers, governments, trade officials, developing countries, and the planet in addition. SOURCEShttp://www.org/iso/en/isoonline.frontpagehttp://www.aqsr-us.com/misc/Registration_services.htmlhttp://praxiom.com/iso-audit.htmhttp://www.the9000store.com/iso-9001-internal-auditor-training.aspxhttp://www.isolawfirm.com/FAQ/FAQ-isolaw.htmhttp://www.standens.com/ISO9000.htmhttp://www.islandwaste.com/intro.htmhttp://www.collectionscanada.ca/iso/tc46sc9/index.htmhttp://www.advantage-iso-consulting.com/sysmaint.htmhttp://www.iso.org/iso/en/stdsdevelopment/whowhenhow/proc/proc.html